Does the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) avoid the toxicity of the giant toad (Rhinella horribilis)? A case of apparent selective feeding in Colombia

Diet of crab-eating fox

Abstract

The crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) is an opportunistic fox whose diet ranges from fruits to various vertebrates, whereas Rhinella horribilis is a toxic toad protected by cutaneous bufotoxins. Here we document and describe a novel predatory behavior of C. thous on R. horribilis in a tropical dry forest of the Colombian Caribbean. The predation event was recorded by using camera traps during a monitoring of the mammal community conducted through biosensor stations in the Tropical dry forest. Thirteen stations were installed, each positioned 30-40 cm above ground level. The camera traps recorded a predation event in seven consecutive videos in which the fox was observed manipulating the toad by holding it by the limbs, carefully avoiding biting the head and dorsal region. Additionally, prior to consumption, the predator delivered several blows to the prey using neck movements. The consumption was selective, restricted to specific parts such as the hind limbs. The sequence revealed behaviors associated with sensory inspection and selective feeding, likely aimed at minimizing the risk of intoxication. This record constitutes the first detailed observation of this type of interaction between these two species in the Colombian tropical dry forest and suggests an adaptive strategy that enables C. thous to exploit chemically defended prey.